The Dermatology Practice.

There are different types of skin cancers. Basal cell carcinoma happens to be the most common type of skin cancer. It originates in the basal cells, which are responsible for producing new skin cells as old ones shed. While it is rarely life-threatening, basal cell carcinoma can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues if it is left untreated, as it can spread surrounding locoregional tissues or vital structures. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to preventing complications and ensuring effective treatment. This blog article delves into the causes of basal cell carcinoma, early signs and symptoms, and why Mohs surgery is the recommended treatment option. This surgery is so named after the pioneering surgeon Frederic E. Mohs.

Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma 

The primary cause of basal cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds. When the skin is exposed to excessive UV radiation, the DNA in basal cells can become damaged, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. 

Several risk factors contribute to the likelihood of developing BCC, including: 

  • Light Skin: Individuals with fair or light skin have less melanin, making them more vulnerable to sun damage. 
  • Chronic Sun Exposure: People who spend extensive time outdoors, especially without proper sun protection, are at higher risk. 
  • History of Sunburns: Severe sunburns, particularly during childhood, increase the chances of developing skin cancer later in life. 
  • Age: While basal cell carcinoma can affect individuals of all ages, it is more common in older adults. 
  • Immune-Suppressing Drugs: Medication that suppresses your immune system makes you more susceptible to skin cancer. 
  • Family History: Genetic predisposition can also play a role, with individuals having a family history of skin cancer being more susceptible. 
  • Exposure to Radiation or Harmful Chemicals: Previous radiation therapy or exposure to arsenic can increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma 

Basal cell carcinoma can manifest in different forms, making it essential to recognise the early signs. Common symptoms include: 

  • Shiny, Skin-Coloured Bump: One of the most common presentations of basal cell carcinoma is a shiny, flesh-coloured, or pink bump, often appearing on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, or shoulders. 
  • Brown, Black, or Blue Lesions: A lesion with dark spots and a slightly raised border can be an indication of basal cell carcinoma. 
  • Flat, Scaly Patch: This might be mistaken for eczema or psoriasis but can develop into a more severe lesion over time. 
  • White, Scar-Like Lesion: This lesion doesn’t have a clearly defined border and is waxy in appearance. 

Recognising these symptoms early and seeking consultation at a dermatology and surgery clinic can help in timely diagnosis and treatment, preventing further complications. 

Why Mohs Surgery is the Recommended Treatment 

Mohs surgery is a specialised and effective method for treating basal cell carcinoma. Unlike traditional excision methods, this treatment option offers narrow margin control while removing the tumour, hence preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. This method is particularly recommended for basal cell carcinoma cases in cosmetically sensitive areas such as the face, nose, or ears.

Benefits of Mohs Surgery: 

  • Optimal Success Rate: Mohs surgery has a cure rate of up to 97-99% for primary cases of basal cell carcinoma. 
  • Proper Tissue Removal: During the procedure, thin layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined under a microscope until no visible cancer cells remain, thus minimising the chances of recurrence. 
  • Tissue Preservation: Because the lesion is removed with a small rim of healthy tissue only, much of the surrounding tissue is preserved, leading to a smaller wound defect.

Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Basal Cell Carcinoma 

While Mohs surgery is an effective treatment, prevention remains the best approach to managing basal cell carcinoma. Implementing the following lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of developing this type of skin cancer: 

  • Wear Sunscreen Daily: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to protect your skin from harmful UV rays. 
  • Avoid Prolonged Sun Exposure: Limit sun exposure when UV radiation is strongest. 
  • Wear Protective Clothing: Opt for long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-protective sunglasses when spending time outdoors. 
  • Regular Skin Examinations: Perform self-checks and schedule annual skin exams with a dermatologist to detect any abnormal growths early. 
  • Maintain a Healthy Diet: Consuming antioxidant-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, can boost skin health and immunity.

Schedule a Consultation at The Dermatology Practice

Basal cell carcinoma is a treatable form of skin cancer when it has been detected early. Understanding its causes, recognising the symptoms, and seeking timely medical attention are essential to effective management of the condition. If you suspect any unusual skin growths and are looking to treat basal cell carcinoma in Singapore, it is essential to consult a reputable dermatology and surgery clinic such as The Dermatology Practice for proper care and treatment. We are dedicated to providing tailored treatment for a variety of skin conditions experienced by our patients, while prioritising their comfort and safety. Get in touch with us today to schedule a consultation!

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